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Role of chemerin/CMKLR1 in the maintenance of early pregnancy

Xuezhou Yang, Junning Yao, Qipeng Wei, Jinhai Ye, Xiaofang Yin, Xiaozhen Quan, Yanli Lan, Hui Xing

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第5期页码 525-532 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0577-9

摘要：

Chemerin is a cytokine that attracts much attention in the reproductive process. This study aimed to explore the effects of chemerin and its receptor chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) on the maintenance of early pregnancy. The expression levels of chemerin and CMKLR1 in the decidua tissues of 20 early normal pregnant women and 20 early spontaneous abortion women were examined by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. CMKLR1 receptor antagonist (α-NETA) was then intrauterinely injected into normal pregnant mice model to assess its effect on the outcome of pregnancy and the phosphorylation rate of ERK1/2 in decidua tissues. We found that the expression level of chemerin in women who had experienced early spontaneous abortion was lower than in those who had experienced normal early pregnancy (P<0.01); conversely, CMKLR1 expression was higher in the former than in the latter (P<0.01). In a pregnant-mouse model, the embryo resorption rate of α-NETA group was higher than that in the negative control group (61.5% vs. 10.8%) (P<0.001). Compared with the control group, ERK1/2 phosphorylation in decidua tissues decreased in the α-NETA-treated group (P<0.01). These results suggested that the inhibition of the chemerin/CMKLR1 signaling pathway can lead to the abortion of mouse embryos, and that chemerin/CMKLR1 may play an important role in the maintenance of early pregnancy possibly by regulating ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

关键词： chemerin CMKLR1 early abortion

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Association between history of abortion and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 132-137 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0250-x

摘要：

Epidemiologic studies have suggested that abortion may cause long term health consequences such as cardiovascular disease. Until recently, studies focusing on the association between history of abortion and metabolic diseases were limited. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between history of abortion and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women. A cross-sectional survey was performed in 6302 women (age≥40 years) in Shanghai. Standardized questionnaire was used to obtain the information about reproductive histories. Overall, we observed a positive association between history of induced abortion and the prevalence of MetS, independent of potential confounding factors. A multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to those without a history of induced abortion, women with a history of induced abortion remained at 1.25 times more likely to have MetS (OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.06–1.47, P<0.05), and the association was number-dependent. However, no significant association between history of spontaneous abortion and the prevalence of MetS was observed. Compared to those without a history of spontaneous abortion, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio associated with a history of spontaneous abortion for MetS was 0.88 (95% CI=0.65–1.19, P >0.05).

关键词： induced abortion spontaneous abortion metabolic syndrome

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流产后避孕咨询与教育对人工流产后妇女避孕行为的影响初探

袁钦钦,许良智,宿宓,聂颖

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第5期页码 34-38

摘要：

探讨对人工流产术后女性加强流产后避孕咨询与教育对其避孕行为的影响。选择2011年8月1 日—2011 年9 月30 日在四川大学华西第二医院妇产科门诊自愿行人工流产术的女性200 人，进行术后常规处理（常规处理组）。选择2011 年10 月25 日—2012 年4 月10 日在四川大学华西第二医院妇产科门诊自愿行人工流产术的女性200 人，流产后常规处理并加强避孕咨询与教育（加强干预组），两组均于术后1 个月、3 个月、6 个月进行随访调查。常规处理组和加强干预组半年后随访率分别为46 %，71.5 %（P<0.01）。常规处理组和加强干预组流产后4 周内性生活的恢复率分别为10.8 %，3.5 %（P<0.05）；半年内加强干预组避孕行为的正确率高于常规处理组(P<0.01)，而且其避孕套、复方口服避孕药（COC）和节育环等现代避孕措施的使用率高于常规处理组(P<0.01)，安全期和体外排精等传统避孕方法使用率低于常规处理组（P<0.01）；常规处理组和加强干预组非意愿妊娠率分别为7.0 %，1.5 %（P>0.05）。研究表明，及时通过加强流产后避孕咨询与教育，能提高人工流产后女性的避孕意识，增加避孕知识，提高正确避孕措施的使用率，更好地促进了女性的生殖健康。

关键词：人工流产流产后咨询与教育避孕行为

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Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion with immune type

Qi-De LIN, Li-Hua QIU

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 275-279 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0101-y

摘要： Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses before 20 weeks of gestation, is difficult to treat in the clinical setting. It affects 1%–5% of women of reproductive age. In the investigations of immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of RSA since the late 1980s, it was found that RSA was associated with abnormal maternal local or systemic immune response. The pathogenesis of autoimmune RSA was mainly associated with antiphospholipid antibody (APA), while that of alloimmune RSA was due to the disturbance of maternofetal immunological tolerance. Systemic etiological screening process and diagnosis systems of RSA with immune type were developed, and anticardiolipin (ACL or ACA) + anti-β2-GP1 antibody combining multiple assays for effective diagnosis of RSA with autoimmune type was first established. According to the dynamic monitoring of clinical parameters before and during gestation, low-dose, short-course, and individual immunosuppressive therapy and lymphocyte immunotherapy for RSA with immune type were carried out. The outcomes of the offsprings of patients with RSA were followed up, and the safety and validity of the therapies were confirmed. The research achievement leads to great progress in the diagnosis and treatment of RSA in China.

关键词： spontaneous abortion recurrent autoimmune alloimmune pathogenesis diagnosis immunotherapy

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自然流产的细胞遗传学研究进展

罗岚蓉,李坚

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第6期页码 65-69

摘要：

自然流产是妊娠并发症，指妊娠在28周之前自然终止，其发病率在15 %～40 %。近年来在辅助生育技术的使用中，同样面临着较高的自然流产率的问题。自然流产的病因十分复杂，除了遗传因素以外，还包括解剖因素、内分泌因素、感染因素、环境因素、免疫因素、血栓前状态以及母体的全身性疾病等等。自然流产的细胞遗传学研究，主要在两个方面，一是胚胎染色体的异常，包括染色体数量异常和结构异常；二是夫妇染色体的异常。在自然流产中胚胎染色体异常的检出率在60 %左右，且随着流产次数的增加，染色体异常的比例下降。其中大部分为胚胎染色体数目异常如三体、三倍体及X单体等，较少为染色体结构异常，包括染色体断裂、倒置、缺失和易位等。在自然流产的夫妇中，尤其是反复自然流产的夫妇，其染色体异常的检出率在8 %左右，且随着流产次数的增加异常的比例升高。成人染色体的异常多为染色体的平衡易位。随着细胞遗传学的检测技术的发展，从传统染色体核型分析和荧光原位杂交技术到染色体微阵列芯片分析、第二代测序技术即高通量测序技术的相继应用，使得自然流产的遗传学方面的研究更加深入。自然流产的细胞遗传学的研究进展，对于自然流产的病因研究以及生育指导有着非常重要的意义。

关键词：自然流产细胞遗传学染色体异常

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PAC在人工流产术后计划生育关爱中的应用

钟慧玲

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第5期页码 31-33

摘要：

文本研究人流后关爱（PAC）在人工流产术后计划生育关爱中的应用。选择2011年1月—2013年1月，武汉市蔡甸区计划生育服务站门诊进行人工流产的260 名病例为分析对象，根据其先后序号按照奇偶顺序分为关爱PAC组和对照组，每组130 例，对PAC组进行流产后关爱指导，而对照组只进行常规处理。一年后，共收回有效问卷248 份，其中关爱组126 份，对照组122 份。PAC组避孕知识和人流后保健知识掌握优良率均高于对照组，生活质量评分有明显优势，而重复流产率明显较低，育龄妇女满意率较高。其差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。高价值的PAC关爱，对于减少重复流产的概率和提高生活质量有着积极重要的意义。

关键词：人工流产流产后关爱计划生育关爱效果分析

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人流不全的临床特点分析及生育情况调查

罗岚蓉,李坚

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第6期页码 70-76

摘要：

目的：分析人流不全的临床特点，探讨其发生的高危因素，同时调查患者术后的生育及避孕情况。方法：对首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院2007年10月—2012年10月收治的55例人流不全病历进行回顾性病例分析以及电话随访了解其生育情况及避孕情况。结果：人流不全的主要临床表现为人流术后的异常阴道出血42例（42/55，76.4 %）以及月经异常13例（13/55，23.6 %），超声检查可以发现人流不全造成的宫腔内异常，但需要结合人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）水平的测定以及术后的病理来诊断人流不全。B超下的清宫手术能有效地清除残留的妊娠组织，术后均未再发现宫腔残留。人流不全的高危因素中主要的客观因素为子宫过度屈曲，占23.6 %（13/55），主要的主观因素为宫颈扩张不够，占25.5 %（14/55）。二次清宫术后主要并发症为宫腔粘连，发生率为5.5 %（3/55）。55例患者术后共随访到29例患者，有17例再次妊娠，其中11例妊娠分娩，6例选择人工流产终止妊娠，未发现人流不全二次清宫对生育的明显不良影响。无生育要求的妇女均有意识采取避孕方法来避免意外妊娠。结论：人流不全的主要临床表现为手术后异常的阴道出血，通过结合尿或血的HCG检查以及B超检查，可以及时地发现人流不全。超声指导下清宫是治疗的有效办法。人流不全发生的高危因素，主要客观因素为子宫过度屈曲，主要主观因素为宫颈扩张不够。对于存在高危因素的手术采取超声指示下手术，能够有效地降低人流不全的发生率。人流不全二次清宫术后主要手术并发症为宫腔粘连，无手术并发症发生的患者，未发现明显生育能力的受损。但是对于避孕方法的选择，还需要更多的计划生育服务来帮助她们采取高效的避孕方法。

关键词：人流不全并发症宫腔粘连生育避孕

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Effects of exercise therapy on bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women: a controlled trial

Shilin DENG MD ,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 323-329 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0061-2

摘要： The purpose of this article is to determine the effect of a well-designed combined aerobic, resistance, and extension exercise program on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. The population comprised 45 postmenopausal women, who exercised over 12months (exercise group), and 36 women who served as a non-training control group. BMD of the hip, and lumbar spine was measured at the baseline and 12th month. Repeated measurement analysis of variance and nonparametric test were utilized to compare differences between the exercise group and controls. Thirty-six out of 45 persons in the exercise group and 36 controls completed the study. Average compliance was 82.2% for the whole exercise group at the 12th month. All the subjects had decreased BMD, but the rate of bone loss was lower in the exercise group than in the control group at the L4 and hip. Although the exercise program in this study may probably reduce the rate of bone loss in weight-bearing skeletal sites, we do not suggest the exercise by itself be viewed as prevention or treatment for osteoporosis. Further, the exact dose-response relationship of exercise and bone mass in early postmenopause is not clear.

关键词： early postmenopausal women bone mineral density exercise effects

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RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF CROP PEST MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 19-36 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021411

摘要：

The importance of food security, especially in combating the problem of acute hunger, has been underscored as a key component of sustainable development. Considering the major challenge of rapidly increasing demands for both food security and safety, the management and control of major pests is urged to secure supplies of major agricultural products. However, owing to global climate change, biological invasion (e.g., fall armyworm), decreasing agricultural biodiversity, and other factors, a wide range of crop pest outbreaks are becoming more frequent and serious, making China, one of the world’s largest country in terms of agricultural production, one of the primary victims of crop yield loss and the largest pesticide consumer in the world. Nevertheless, the use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. This review summarizes the most fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the developmental history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially of cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-related countries.

关键词： China / law / early warning system and national crop pest monitoring / pest management / regulation and sustainable agricultural development

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Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in trophoblasts and deciduas in early medical abortion

Geqing XIA, Chaoying WU

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 216-219 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0028-3

摘要： The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in trophoblasts and deciduas in early medical abortion, and study the relationship of medical abortion through mifepristone and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in early pregnancy. Expression of iNOS in trophoblasts and deciduas was detected by both hybridization and immunohistochemical assay in 40 patients (experimental group); the positive expression of iNOS was represented by number density (N/S) and positive unit (Pu) using computer color magic image analysis system (CMIAS). All results were compared with that obtained from vacuum aspiration. In the experimental group, N/S and Pu in trophoblasts were 0.120 ± 0.010 and 15.3 ± 2.6, respectively, while in the control group, they were 0.021 ± 0.003 and 3.1 ± 0.5, respectively, and there were significant differences between the two groups. By immunohistochemical assay, N/S and Pu were 0.090 ± 0.010, 10.24 ± 1.55 0.016 ± 0.002, 1.26 ± 0.33 in the trophoblasts of the two groups; there were also significant differences between the two groups. There were lower iNOS expressions in deciduas by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical assay, and the difference between the two groups was not significant.It was concluded that mifepristone induced medical abortion through the expression of iNOS in trophoblasts but not in deciduas.

关键词： mifepristone inducible nitric oxide synthase early pregnancy placental immunity

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Weak characteristic information extraction from early fault of wind turbine generator gearbox

Xiaoli XU, Xiuli LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第3期页码 357-366 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0423-4

摘要：

Given the weak early degradation characteristic information during early fault evolution in gearbox of wind turbine generator, traditional singular value decomposition (SVD)-based denoising may result in loss of useful information. A weak characteristic information extraction based on µ-SVD and local mean decomposition (LMD) is developed to address this problem. The basic principle of the method is as follows: Determine the denoising order based on cumulative contribution rate, perform signal reconstruction, extract and subject the noisy part of signal to LMD and µ-SVD denoising, and obtain denoised signal through superposition. Experimental results show that this method can significantly weaken signal noise, effectively extract the weak characteristic information of early fault, and facilitate the early fault warning and dynamic predictive maintenance.

关键词： wind turbine generator gearbox µ-singular value decomposition local mean decomposition weak characteristic information extraction early fault warning

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Early-onset diabetes: an epidemic in China

Jiemin Pan, Weiping Jia

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第6期页码 624-633 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0669-1

摘要：

Although type 2 diabetes is a disease often associated with aging, the global prevalence of early-onset diabetes has been increasing due to man’s sedentary lifestyle, low-physical activity, obesity, and some non-modifiable risk factors. Many studies have found that individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes were at higher risk of developing vascular complications than those with late-onset diabetes. Individuals with early-onset diabetes are usually unwilling to visit hospital and have more confidence in their health, which results in poor glycemic control and the delayed detection of diabetes-related complications. Few studies have focused on the treatment and prevention of complications in specific population of individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes. Therefore, focusing on this particular population is critical for the government and academic societies. Screening for T2DM is imminent for young adults with a family history of diabetes, obesity, markers of insulin resistance, or alcohol consumption. More data are definitely required to establish a reasonable risk model to screen for early-onset diabetes.

关键词： diabetes early-onset diabetes complications

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Biosensor-based assay of exosome biomarker for early diagnosis of cancer

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 157-175 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0884-z

摘要： Cancer imposes a severe threat to people’s health and lives, thus pressing a huge medical and economic burden on individuals and communities. Therefore, early diagnosis of cancer is indispensable in the timely prevention and effective treatment for patients. Exosome has recently become an attractive cancer biomarker in noninvasive early diagnosis because of the unique physiology and pathology functions, which reflects remarkable information regarding the cancer microenvironment, and plays an important role in the occurrence and evolution of cancer. Meanwhile, biosensors have gained great attention for the detection of exosomes due to their superior properties, such as convenient operation, real-time readout, high sensitivity, and remarkable specificity, suggesting promising biomedical applications in the early diagnosis of cancer. In this review, the latest advances of biosensors regarding the assay of exosomes were summarized, and the superiorities of exosomes as markers for the early diagnosis of cancer were evaluated. Moreover, the recent challenges and further opportunities of developing effective biosensors for the early diagnosis of cancer were discussed.

关键词： biosensor exosome cancer diagnosis

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屈螺酮炔雌醇片预防稽留流产清宫术后宫腔粘连初步研究

赵现立,刘朝阳,谭宏伟,张恩娣

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第6期页码 13-15

摘要：

目的：观察稽留流产清宫术后服用屈螺酮炔雌醇片对减轻宫腔粘连发生的效果。方法：选择2013年6月至2014年6月在西北妇女儿童医院（陕西省妇幼保健院）诊断为稽留流产并实施清宫术的患者220例，随机分成观察组和对照组，每组110例。两组患者均在清宫术前服用米非司酮片150 mg和米索前列醇片600 μg治疗，术后常规应用抗生素3天。观察组：清宫术后给予屈螺酮炔雌醇片，每天服用一片，连续3个周期，对照组：患者实施清宫术后不给予屈螺酮炔雌醇片治疗。观察手术时间、胚胎绒毛大小、患者阴道流血持续时间、月经复潮时间、术后2周超声检查子宫内膜以及宫腔镜检查宫腔粘连情况。结果：观察组术后阴道流血天数（（4.98±0.80）天）及月经复潮时间（（28.41±1.61）天）显著少于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组患者术后子宫内膜厚度（（9.12±1.12） mm）明显高于对照组子宫内膜厚度（（6.23±1.16）mm），两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组的宫腔粘连率显著低于对照组（x2=4.67，P=0.031）。结论：清宫术后口服屈螺酮炔雌醇片是减少稽留流产术后发生宫腔粘连的一种安全有效的方法。

关键词：稽留流产宫腔粘连屈螺酮炔雌醇片

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The early signal substances induced by heat stress in brains of mice

WANG Chunxu, WANG Hanxing

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 391-395 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0075-1

摘要： To study the effects of early signal substances induced by heat stress in brains of Kunming mice, six-month-old mice ( = 72) were pretreated with heat stress and subsequent ischemia/reperfusion by clipping of their bilateral cervical common arteries for 7 min. According to different treatments, animals were randomly divided into four groups: (1) normal control group; (2) heat stress pretreatment followed by ischemia and reperfusion group (HS/IR); (3) ischemia and reperfusion group (IR); (4) heat stress group (HS). Animals in the later three groups were subdivided into 3 subgroups (1 day, 4 days, 14 days), respectively. The changes in the expression of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were detected by immunohistochemistry and computer image analysis methods. The results showed that compared with the normal group, the expressions of CREB in the hippocampal CA1 region increased significantly in the HS, HS/IR and IR groups ( < 0.05). Compared to the normal group, heat stress could result in CGRP excretion and redistribution in the cerebrum, with the highest level in the 4 d HS/IR group. Following heat stress, CGRP immunoreactivity was observed in varicose fibers and neuronal perikarya within the CA1 region. The results indicate that heat stress can induce CREB expression, which in turn stimulates CGRP secretion.

关键词： calcitonin gene-related subsequent ischemia/reperfusion computer cerebrum CGRP excretion